ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the average and individual blood pressure responses to walking and resistance exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease. METHODS: Thirteen patients underwent three experimental sessions: walking exercise, resistance exercise, and control. Ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product were obtained before and until 24 hours after sessions. RESULTS: The mean cardiovascular values during 24 hours, awake, and sleep periods were similar (P > 0.05) after the three experimental sessions. The analysis of individual data revealed that during 24 hours, eight of 13 patients reduced systolic or diastolic blood pressure in ≥4.0 mm Hg in at least one of the exercise session; furthermore, most of these patients presented greater responses after resistance exercise. The clinical characteristics of patients seem to influence the blood pressure responses after exercises. Individual data showed that part of patients presented clinically significant decreases in blood pressure, showing that these patients have acute cardiovascular benefits after performing an acute bout of exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Although, in average, a bout of walking or resistance exercise did not decrease ambulatory blood pressure in peripheral artery disease patients, the individual data revealed that most patients presented clinically relevant blood pressure reductions, especially after resistance exercise.
Subject(s)
Exercise/physiology , Peripheral Arterial Disease/physiopathology , Resistance Training , Walking/physiology , Aged , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In Brazil, epizootics among New World monkey species may indicate circulation of yellow fever (YF) virus and provide early warning of risk to humans. Between 1999 and 2001, the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul initiated surveillance for epizootics of YF in non-human primates to inform vaccination of human populations. Following a YF outbreak, we analyzed epizootic surveillance data and assessed YF vaccine coverage, timeliness of implementation of vaccination in unvaccinated human populations. From October 2008 through June 2009, circulation of YF virus was confirmed in 67 municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State; vaccination was recommended in 23 (34%) prior to the outbreak and in 16 (24%) within two weeks of first epizootic report. In 28 (42%) municipalities, vaccination began more than two weeks after first epizootic report. Eleven (52%) of 21 laboratory-confirmed human YF cases occurred in two municipalities with delayed vaccination. By 2010, municipalities with confirmed YF epizootics reported higher vaccine coverage than other municipalities that began vaccination. In unvaccinated human populations timely response to epizootic events is critical to prevent human yellow fever cases.
Subject(s)
Primate Diseases/epidemiology , Yellow Fever Vaccine/administration & dosage , Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Yellow Fever/veterinary , Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Haplorhini , Humans , Primate Diseases/virology , Vaccination/methods , Yellow Fever/prevention & control , Yellow Fever/virologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the posteffects of a single bout of resistance exercise on cardiovascular parameters in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). DESIGN: Randomized cross-over. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen PAD patients performed two experimental sessions: control (C) and resistance exercise (R). Both sessions were identical (eight exercises, 3×10 repetitions), except that the R session was performed with an intensity between 5 and 7 in the OMNI-RES scale and the C session was performed without any load. Systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, heart rate, and rate-pressure product (RPP) were measured for 1 h after the interventions in the laboratory and during 24-h using ambulatory BP monitoring. RESULTS: After the R session, systolic BP (greatest reduction: -6±2 mmHg, P<0.01) and RPP (greatest reduction: -888±286 mmHg×bpm; P<0.01) decreased until 50 min after exercise. From the second hour until 23 h after exercise, BP, heart rate, and RPP product were similar (P>0.05) between R and C sessions. BP load, nocturnal BP fall, and morning surge were also similar between R and C sessions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: A single bout of resistance exercise decreased BP and cardiac work for 1 h after exercise under clinical conditions, and did not modify ambulatory cardiovascular variables during 24 h in patients with PAD.
